Contatti:
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Contatti:
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tel:
Researches
Emilio Gatti’s main field of Researches was that of measurements and electronic instrumentation for Physics, especially that of radiation and elementary particle detectors and that of electronic instrumentation for energy, time and position spectrometry. In 1953, he introduced the added step method to obtain high precision single channel discriminators. In 1955, he suggested replacing the traditional configuration of the voltage amplifier with a new configuration, eventually called charge preamplifier, as first stage in processing the signals of ionization chambers. The charge preamplifier later became of general use and is currently the amplification stage most widely resorted to for semiconductor radiation detectors. In 1956, he introduced the Vernier method to improve the temporal localisation of events. He formulated the statistical theory of the scintillation counter and the synthesis of optimal filters for the temporal localisation of events detected by the scintillation counters. In the field of radiation detectors, he identified the correct method of calculating the charge induced to the electrodes in solid-state detectors, correcting a widespread error in the literature. In 1961, he invented the streamer chamber.
In 1963, he invented the sliding scale method to obtain high differential linearity in the multi- channel amplitude analysers used in radiation and particle spectroscopy. The method gave rise to scientific developments and to implementations throughout the world and is currently used in high differential linearity analog-to-digital converters (ADC). In 1997, the scientific mission for the NASA’s Mars Pathfinder exploration employed the Sojourner rover on which a spectrometer (APXS) – used to analyse the composition of the soil – is installed, in whose electronics the sliding scale method, called “The Gatti correction”, is implemented to arrive at the required high linearity.
Emilio Gatti together with Pavel Rehak (left) at a scientific conference
A series of researches undertaken throughout his career led to the theoretical synthesis of the optimal filters for processing the signals of nuclear detectors to measure energy and time under various constraint conditions. These studies contributed to the development of modern digital pulse processors of the radiation detectors currently used in multiple scientific experiments.
The experience in the field of nuclear instrumentation led E. Gatti to contribute to biomedical electronic instrumentation, especially with instruments to detect the potential maps on the chest arising from the electric activity of the heart (1972) and with the first instrument for detecting the speed profiles of blood in the vessels, based on the pulsed Doppler ultrasonography (1980).
In 1983 Emilio Gatti, together with Pavel Rehak, researcher from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA), invented the SDD: Solid-state (or Silicon) Drift Detector, which represents nowadays one of the semiconductor detectors with the highest energy resolution for X-ray spectroscopy[1]. In the following years, thanks to Emilio Gatti, a close research collaboration was established between Politecnico di Milano, the Brookhaven National Laboratory (where many of his students are invited to spend a period as researchers) and Munich’s Max Planck Institute, to conduct an intense research and development on the SDD detectors and on the associated electronics; these researches, under Gatti’s guidance, result in several innovations and implementations. In 2004, two twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed on planet Mars, using in the APXS spectrometer a Silicon Drift Detector for the X-ray analysis of the soil and the rocks[2][3]. In 2014, the space probe of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission launched in 2004 reached the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and its lander Philae, which includes among its instruments an APXS fitted with a SDD detector[4], landed on the comet to analyse the nucleus. At Geneva’s CERN (European Council for Particle Physics), ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) has been operational since 2008 on the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator for the study of interactions between heavy ions: it employs a large particle detection system that includes 260 Silicon Drift Detectors.
Researches
Emilio Gatti’s main field of Researches was that of measurements and electronic instrumentation for Physics, especially that of radiation and elementary particle detectors and that of electronic instrumentation for energy, time and position spectrometry. In 1953, he introduced the added step method to obtain high precision single channel discriminators. In 1955, he suggested replacing the traditional configuration of the voltage amplifier with a new configuration, eventually called charge preamplifier, as first stage in processing the signals of ionization chambers. The charge preamplifier later became of general use and is currently the amplification stage most widely resorted to for semiconductor radiation detectors. In 1956, he introduced the Vernier method to improve the temporal localisation of events. He formulated the statistical theory of the scintillation counter and the synthesis of optimal filters for the temporal localisation of events detected by the scintillation counters. In the field of radiation detectors, he identified the correct method of calculating the charge induced to the electrodes in solid-state detectors, correcting a widespread error in the literature. In 1961, he invented the streamer chamber.
In 1963, he invented the sliding scale method to obtain high differential linearity in the multi- channel amplitude analysers used in radiation and particle spectroscopy. The method gave rise to scientific developments and to implementations throughout the world and is currently used in high differential linearity analog-to-digital converters (ADC). In 1997, the scientific mission for the NASA’s Mars Pathfinder exploration employed the Sojourner rover on which a spectrometer (APXS) – used to analyse the composition of the soil – is installed, in whose electronics the sliding scale method, called “The Gatti correction”, is implemented to arrive at the required high linearity.
Emilio Gatti together with Pavel Rehak (left) at a scientific conference
A series of researches undertaken throughout his career led to the theoretical synthesis of the optimal filters for processing the signals of nuclear detectors to measure energy and time under various constraint conditions. These studies contributed to the development of modern digital pulse processors of the radiation detectors currently used in multiple scientific experiments.
The experience in the field of nuclear instrumentation led E. Gatti to contribute to biomedical electronic instrumentation, especially with instruments to detect the potential maps on the chest arising from the electric activity of the heart (1972) and with the first instrument for detecting the speed profiles of blood in the vessels, based on the pulsed Doppler ultrasonography (1980).
In 1983 Emilio Gatti, together with Pavel Rehak, researcher from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA), invented the SDD: Solid-state (or Silicon) Drift Detector, which represents nowadays one of the semiconductor detectors with the highest energy resolution for X-ray spectroscopy[1]. In the following years, thanks to Emilio Gatti, a close research collaboration was established between Politecnico di Milano, the Brookhaven National Laboratory (where many of his students are invited to spend a period as researchers) and Munich’s Max Planck Institute, to conduct an intense research and development on the SDD detectors and on the associated electronics; these researches, under Gatti’s guidance, result in several innovations and implementations. In 2004, two twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed on planet Mars, using in the APXS spectrometer a Silicon Drift Detector for the X-ray analysis of the soil and the rocks[2][3]. In 2014, the space probe of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission launched in 2004 reached the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and its lander Philae, which includes among its instruments an APXS fitted with a SDD detector[4], landed on the comet to analyse the nucleus. At Geneva’s CERN (European Council for Particle Physics), ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) has been operational since 2008 on the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator for the study of interactions between heavy ions: it employs a large particle detection system that includes 260 Silicon Drift Detectors.